junk food'

Leisure centre 'junk food' alert

Many of the snacks were high in sugar, fat and salt

Vending machines stocked with unhealthy snacks in leisure centres run the risk of fuelling childhood obesity, warn experts.

Crisps and chocolate are on sale where children exercise despite being banned from schools and children's TV, the British Heart Foundation found.
And children's meals on offer at the 35 venues spot-checked were dominated by chips, nuggets, sausages and burgers.
The charity wants stricter regulation over the food choices available.
The report, which was prepared by the Food Commission, looked at leisure centres, bowling alleys, ice skating rinks and park cafes.

It's fantastic that these kids are getting fit and having fun at the same time but this is being undermined by venues peddling junk food at them Chief Executive of the BHF Peter Hollins

The average calorie content of vending machine snacks was 203 calories, which would take a seven-year-old 88 minutes of swimming to use up.
Fresh fruit was displayed at less than half of the venues visited, and nutritional information was displayed at just two of the venues visited.
The BHF said this severely limits the child's and parent's ability to assess the nutritional values of the products they are buying.
Junk ban
BHF chief executive Peter Hollins said: "It's fantastic that these kids are getting fit and having fun at the same time but this is being undermined by venues peddling junk food at them.
"Councils and leisure providers need to rigorously reconsider the food options they are providing and make it easier for parents and children to make healthier choices."
The charity is now calling for public and private sector providers to lead the way in ensuring healthy food options are available and easily identifiable.
It says it should be made a requirement that vending machines in publicly owned facilities are stocked with healthier products.
A Department of Health spokeswoman said: "We are fully committed to encouraging the adoption of healthy vending machines across the country and expect local authorities to make sure there are healthy food options available in their leisure centres."
Confectionery, crisps and sugary fizzy drinks have been banned from all school vending machines in England since September 2007.
Judy Hargadon, chief executive of the School Food Trust, said: "Convenience doesn't have to mean unhealthy.
"Many schools are using vending to offer pupils extra choice and independence whilst still keeping their options well-balanced and consistent."

'Freezer plan' bid to save coral

Coral reefs are a key source of food, income and coastal protection

The prospects of saving the world's coral reefs now appear so bleak that plans are being made to freeze samples to preserve them for the future.

A meeting in Denmark took evidence from researchers that most coral reefs will not survive even if tough regulations on greenhouse gases are put in place.
Scientists proposed storing samples of coral species in liquid nitrogen.
That will allow them to be reintroduced to the seas in the future if global temperatures can be stabilised.
Legislators from 16 major economies have been meeting in the Danish capital, Copenhagen, to try to agree the way forward on climate change.
The meeting has been organised by the Global Legislators Organisation for a Balanced Environment (Globe).
Losing the fight

Key coral reefs 'could disappear'

One of the issues they have been considering is what to do with coral reefs, which make up less than a quarter of 1% of the ocean's floor.
Yet the reefs are a key source of food, income and coastal protection for around 500 million people worldwide.
At this meeting, politicians and scientists acknowledged that global emissions of carbon dioxide are rising so fast that we are losing the fight to save coral and the world must develop an alternative plan.
Freezing samples for the future may be a necessary option.
''Well it's the last ditch effort to save biodiversity from the reefs which are extremely diverse systems," said Simon Harding from the Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
"It would take other work to try and reconstruct the reef so that you can start the process of building up a reef again," he said.
"That is something that needs to be looked at in detail, but we can definitely store the species and save them in that way."
According to recent research, one of the world's most important concentrations of coral - the so-called Coral Triangle in South East Asia - could be destroyed by climate change before the end of this century with significant impacts on food security and livelihoods.

jesus its mustard

The term Christ (or similar) appears in English and most European languages, owing to the Greek usage of Khristós (transcribed in Latin as Christus

As on many other occasions, Jesus answered the question with a parable:

"It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown in the earth, is less than all the seeds that be in the earth: But when it is sown, it groweth up, and becometh greater than all herbs, and shooteth out great branches; so that the fowls of the air may lodge under the shadow of it." [Mark 4.31,32]

No doubt the prolific yellow flowers of the mustard plant would be in evidence all around them as the people listened to Jesus' words, since, as one authority remarks, wild mustard is conspicuous in the vegetation around the Sea of Galilee. [Plants of the Bible - Michael Zohary]
The mustard referred to by Jesus is probably which for a long time has been extensively cultivated, and in Bible times was the source of mustard seed oil and was also used as a medicament. It is an annual herb with large leaves clustered mainly at the base of the plant. Its central stem branches prolifically in its upper part and produces an enormous number of yellow flowers and small, many seeded linear fruits. It normally grows to just over a metre in height but specimens have been known to grow as high as five metres.
One writer, travelling in the region of Galilee during the last century, exclaimed: 'Is this wild mustard that is growing so luxuriantly and blossoming so fragrantly along our path? It is; and I have always found it here in spring and a little later than this, the whole surface of the vale will be gilded over with its yellow flowers. I have seen this plant in the rich plain of Akkar as tall as the horse and his rider.' [The Land and the Book - W M Thomson

Giving birth to womb transplants

A transplant would allow women without a womb to bear a child

British doctors say they are a step closer to carrying out the first ever successful womb transplant. Is this really feasible, and indeed desirable?

It is not the first time that doctors have declared a functioning womb transplant is within our grasp, but a surgeon from London's Hammersmith Hospital now claims to have overcome one of the most insurmountable problems: securing the complex blood supply.

Dr Richard Smith, who has presented his latest research on rabbits at a reproduction summit in Atlanta, is now looking for funds to take his work further having failed to secure grants from Britain's big awarding bodies.

For women with Rokitansky syndrome, in which they are born without a womb, or those whose womb has been destroyed by cancer treatment or fibroids, transplant would offer them the chance to bear their own child - an alternative to surrogacy or adoption.

Ethicists, medics and feminists have long argued as to whether infertility is a disease or a cultural phenomenon born of a society where women feel they have no value if they cannot reproduce.

But illness or otherwise, it is not a fatal disease, and the suggestion that women could undergo major transplant surgery to fulfil their desire for a child may prompt unease.

Perfecting techniques

Practical hurdles have beset womb transplants. It has been tried in a human just once, in 2000, when doctors in Saudi Arabia transplanted a womb from a living donor to a young woman.

Initially hailed as a medical breakthrough, the success was short-lived. Less than four months later the organ had to be removed when the transplanted tissue began to die as a result of a blood supply failure. A pregnancy was never attempted.

Researchers have been trying to perfect the technique on a number of animals - from mice to monkeys.

There's a lot of dismissal in the profession in terms of of this being a step too far in fertility management Richard Smith Hammersmith Hospital

More than two years ago, a team of New York doctors said they were nearly ready to carry out the procedure having confirmed that it was possible to remove the womb of a dead donor in the same way as hearts, kidneys and livers are taken for transplant.

Now Dr Smith and colleagues, who have set up a charity called Uterine Transplant UK, say they have perfected surgery on rabbits to ensure an adequate blood supply.

Using a "vascular patch technique" major blood vessels including the aorta were connected. Two of the five rabbits lived to 10 months and dissection after death showed the womb had stayed healthy.

Blood supply is key when it comes to a womb that could take the strain of pregnancy and support a developing foetus. Dr Smith has yet to impregnate the rabbits and see how their transplanted wombs would fare.

Specialists are not convinced. "I think there is a big difference between demonstrating effectiveness in a rabbit and being able to do this in a larger animal or a human," said Dr Tony Rutherford, chairman of the British Fertility Society.

"This is something that is ongoing research. I don't think it's something that is going to be available in clinical practice in years to come."

Finding fulfilment

There will in any event be ethical debate to be had before it is.

The first full face transplant has yet to be carried out, but the string of partial transplants have generated discussion about the rights and wrongs of such procedures for non-life threatening conditions.

When IVF was first developed many people felt very unhappy about making babies in test tubes, and now it is something which the majority accept Susan Seenan Infertility Network UK

It is society's refusal to accept the face distorted by accident or disease which is the problem, it has been argued, not the face itself.

Womb transplants - with the many risks they carry - may trigger a similar response. As well as the surgery itself, the woman in question would have to take immunosuppressant drugs to stop her body rejecting the organ.

Diabetes and osteoporosis are among the consequences of this form of medication which can also lead to renal failure, cardiac arrest, and increasingly, it is believed, cancer.

For this reason the womb would be removed after the desired pregnancies were achieved and the babies delivered by caesarean, as the womb would be unlikely to tolerate labour. The babies would have to be conceived through IVF as surgeons believe these women may run a greater risk of ectopic pregnancies.

But all doctors involved in the field report intense interest from women unable to bear their own children.

"There's a lot of dismissal in the profession in terms of of this being a step too far in fertility management," said Dr Smith.

"But for a woman who is desperate for a baby, this is incredibly important."

Susan Seenan of the UK's Infertility Network said: "Clearly there does come a point when enough is enough, and treatment can go too far. We do need to consider the potential ramifications very carefully.

"This kind of development can make people very uneasy, but when IVF was first developed many felt unhappy about making babies in test tubes - now it is something which the majority accept. We do need to embrace advances in all areas of medicine or we wouldn't be where we are today.

"But we must do more to support the many who are ultimately unable to conceive - and this technique, were it ever available, would only benefit the very few. There is life beyond having children, and while the disappointment may never leave you, with the right support people can find other paths to fulfilment."

Apology to Aboriginees

Apology to Aboriginees richimag

The following is the historic formal apology given to the Aboriginal people of Australia by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd on behalf of its parliament and government.

Today we honour the

Indigenous peoples of this land, the oldest continuing cultures in human history.We reflect on their past mistreatment.We reflect in particular on the mistreatment of those who were stolen generations - this blemished chapter in our nation's history.The time has now come for the nation to turn a new page in Australia's history by righting the wrongs of the past and so moving forward with confidence to the future.We apologise for the laws and policies of successive Parliaments and governments that have inflicted profound grief, suffering and loss on these our fellow Australians.We apologise especially for the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families, their communities and their country.For the pain, suffering and hurt of these stolen generations, their descendants and for their families left behind, we say sorry.To the mothers and the fathers, the brothers and the sisters, for the breaking up of families and communities, we say sorry.And for the indignity and degradation thus inflicted on a proud people and a proud culture, we say sorry.We the Parliament of Australia respectfully request that this apology be received in the spirit in which it is offered as part of the healing of the nation.For the future we take heart; resolving that this new page in the history of our great continent can now be written.We today take this first step by acknowledging the past and laying claim to a future that embraces all Australians.A future where this Parliament resolves that the injustices of the past must never, never happen again.A future where we harness the determination of all Australians, Indigenous and non-Indigenous, to close the gap that lies between us in life expectancy, educational achievement and economic opportunity.A future where we embrace the possibility of new solutions to enduring problems where old approaches have failed.A future based on mutual respect, mutual resolve and mutual responsibility.A future where all Australians, whatever their origins, are truly equal partners, with equal opportunities and with an equal stake in shaping the next chapter in the history of this great country, Australia.

Primate fossil 'not an ancestor'

Primate fossil 'not an ancestor' www.richimag.co.uk/chickenoregg/

The exceptionally well-preserved fossil primate known as "Ida" is not a missing link as some have claimed, according to an analysis in the journal Nature.The research is the first independent assessment of the claims made in a scientific paper and a television documentary earlier this year.Dr Erik Seiffert says that Ida belonged to a group more closely linked to lemurs than to monkeys, apes or us.His team's conclusions come from an analysis of another fossil primate.The newly described animal - known as Afradapis longicristatus - lived some 37 million years ago in northern Egypt, during the Eocene epoch. And the researchers say it was closely related to Ida.

This study would effectively remove Ida from our ancestry.

Erik Seiffert, Stony Brook UniversityIda lived some 47 million years ago and was given the scientific name Darwinius masillae.Dr Seiffert and his colleagues say that both Afradapis and Darwinius were in a sister group to the so-called "higher primates", which includes humans.This extinct sister group, they say, was more closely related to lemurs and lorises.

Cul-de-sac

''The suggestion that Ida [was]... specifically related to the higher primates, namely monkeys apes and humans, was actually a minority view from the start. So it came as a surprise to many of us who are studying primate palaeontology," said Dr Seiffert, from Stony Brook University in New York, US.''Ida, which is a member of this genus called Darwinius, is in a fossil group called the Adapiforms which have traditionally been seen as more closely related to the lemurs and lorises - which live today in Madagascar, Africa and Asia - than to [monkeys, apes and humans]."

This group, including this new specimen described in Nature, has a lot of traits that are found in apes and monkeys

Jorn Hurum, Natural History Museum, Oslo

He added: "We have analysed a large data set based on observations we have made on almost 120 living and extinct primates and what we find... [is that] Darwinius and this new genus that we've described are not part of our ancestry."They are more closely related to lemurs and lorises than they are to tarsirs or monkeys, apes and humans. This study would effectively remove Ida from our ancestry."Dr Jorn Hurum, from the Natural History Museum in Oslo, Norway, was one of the authors of the paper about Ida published in the journal Plos One this year.Responding to the study in Nature, he said: "It's a very interesting paper, and - at last - this is the start of the scientific discussion around the specimen we described in May nicknamed Ida."He added: "What the authors say is that this is an extinct side branch of the group leading to lemurs that is not in any way related to apes and monkeys.

"What we said in our scientific paper in May is that this group - including this new specimen described in Nature - has a lot of traits that are found in apes and monkeys."

However, Dr Seiffert and his colleagues regard such features as examples of "convergent evolution". This involves features arising independently in separate lineages, possibly as a response to similar evolutionary pressures

Royal Veterinary College in London.

Their most recent study involved five donor rabbits and five recipients, which were operated on at the Royal Veterinary College in London.

Five rabbits received a womb using a "vascular patch technique" which connected major blood vessels, including the aorta.

Of the five, two rabbits lived to 10 months and examinations after death showed the transplants were a success.

Smith's next step is to get rabbits pregnant through IVF to see how the womb copes, before moving on to larger animals.

Previous animal attempts have failed and the only human-to-human transplant ended with the womb having to be removed

Research involving donor rabbits

Womb transplants 'a step closer'

A transplanted womb would not be permanent

The first successful human womb transplant could take place within two years, British scientists have said. www.richimag.co.uk/anima/

London-based experts say they have worked out how to transplant a womb with a regular blood supply so it will last long enough to carry a pregnancy.

Research involving donor rabbits was presented at a US fertility conference.

The charity Uterine Transplant UK is seeking funding of £250,000 after being denied grants by several medical research bodies.

A breakthrough could offer an alternative to surrogacy or adoption for women whose own wombs have been damaged by diseases such as cervical cancer.

Up to 200 women in the UK are said to use surrogate mothers each year.

In the latest research conducted at the Royal Veterinary College in London, five rabbits were given a womb using a technique which connected major blood vessels, including the aorta.

Two of the rabbits lived to 10 months, with examinations after death indicating the transplants had been a success.

'Huge interest'

Richard Smith, consultant gynaecological surgeon at Hammersmith Hospital, told the American Society for Reproductive Medicine conference in Atlanta the team's next step would involve getting rabbits pregnant through IVF treatment.

The technique would then be used on larger animals.

Other research projects in the past have carried out similar experiments on pigs, goats, sheep and monkeys.

I think there is a big difference between demonstrating effectiveness in a rabbit and being able to do this in a larger animal or a human Tony Rutherford, British Fertility Society Womb transplants: A step too far?

A human transplant has also been tried once before - in Saudi Arabia in 2000 - but the womb came from a live donor, and was rejected after three months.

Mr Smith suggested it may have failed because surgeons had not worked out how to connect the blood vessels properly.

The UK study involved transplanting the womb with all its arteries, veins and bigger vessels.

"I think there are certain technical issues to be ironed out but I think the crux of how to carry out a successful graft that's properly vascularised - I think we have cracked that one."

A transplanted womb would only stay in place long enough for a woman to have the children she wanted.

And any baby would have to be delivered by Caesarean section as a transplanted human womb is unlikely to be able to withstand natural labour.

Conception would also need to be through IVF because women with a transplanted womb could be at higher risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Mr Smith acknowledged the procedures were seen as "a step too far in terms of fertility management" among the medical profession but said interest from patients was huge.

Tony Rutherford, chairman of the British Fertility Society, said: "I think there is a big difference between demonstrating effectiveness in a rabbit and being able to do this in a larger animal or a human..."

Clare Lewis-Jones, from Infertility Network UK, said "a great deal of thought and discussion" was needed on the issue including the ethical ramifications.

mad gordon at it again

PM warns of climate 'catastrophe'

Brown: '50 days to save world'

The UK faces a "catastrophe" of floods, droughts and killer heatwaves if world leaders fail to agree a deal on climate change, the prime minister has warned.

Gordon Brown said negotiators had 50 days to save the world from global warming and break the "impasse".
He told the Major Economies Forum in London, which brings together 17 of the world's biggest greenhouse gas-emitting countries, there was "no plan B".
World delegations meet in Copenhagen in December for talks on a new treaty.

'Rising wave'
The United Nations (UN) summit will aim to establish a deal to replace the 1997 Kyoto treaty as its targets for reducing emissions only apply to a small number of countries and expire in 2012.

Once the damage from unchecked emissions growth is done, no retrospective global agreement, in some future period, can undo that choice Gordon Brown Send us your comments

Mr Brown warned that negotiators were not reaching agreement quickly enough and said it was a "profound moment" for the world involving "momentous choice".
"In Britain we face the prospect of more frequent droughts and a rising wave of floods," he told delegates.
"The extraordinary summer heatwave of 2003 in Europe resulted in over 35,000 extra deaths.
Grim warning
"On current trends, such an event could become quite routine in Britain in just a few decades' time. And within the lifetime of our children and grandchildren the intense temperatures of 2003 could become the average temperature experienced throughout much of Europe."

ANALYSIS Richard Black, BBC News During his term as chancellor, environmental groups often accused Gordon Brown of not paying enough attention to climate change, and the Treasury of blocking "green" policies. He was sometimes compared unfavourably to Tony Blair. However, Mr Brown promoted the inclusion of developing countries in climate finance during the UK's term as G7 president in 2005. And this year, his involvement has become much more overt. He was the first head of government to commit to attending December's UN summit in Copenhagen; and his recent call to establish a $100bn (£61bn) per year fund for climate adaptation is widely seen as giving impetus to those negotiations. Whether current scientific understanding warrants his warning of "catastrophe" for the UK if greenhouse gas levels rise unchecked is perhaps open to question. A recent report by Kofi Annan's Global Humanitarian Forum found the UK was one of 12 nations least likely to be affected by climate impacts.

The costs of failing to tackle the issue would be greater than the impact of both world wars and the Great Depression combined, the prime minister said.
The world would face more conflict fuelled by climate-induced migration if a deal was not agreed, he added.
He told the forum, on the second day of talks in the capital, that by 2080 an extra 1.8 billion people - a quarter of the world's current population - could lack sufficient water.
Mr Brown said: "If we do not reach a deal at this time, let us be in no doubt: once the damage from unchecked emissions growth is done, no retrospective global agreement, in some future period, can undo that choice.
"So we should never allow ourselves to lose sight of the catastrophe we face if present warming trends continue."
Agreement at Copenhagen "is possible", he concluded.
"But we must frankly face the plain fact that our negotiators are not getting to agreement quickly enough. So I believe that leaders must engage directly to break the impasse."
In recent days there have been a number of warnings that progress is stalling.
Rajendra Pachauri, head of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, told Newsweek magazine "the prospects that states will actually agree to anything in Copenhagen are starting to look worse and worse".
The Major Economies Forum is not part of the formal UN process and so firm commitments are unlikely to come from the meeting.
It is seen instead as a gathering where countries can explore options and positions in a less pressured environment.

Islam film Dutch MP to be charged

Dutch court has ordered prosecutors to put a right-wing politician on trial for making anti-Islamic statements. Freedom Party leader Geert Wilders made a controversial film last year equating Islam with violence and has likened the Koran to Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf. "In a democratic system, hate speech is considered so serious that it is in the general interest to... draw a clear line," the court in Amsterdam said. Mr Wilders said the judgement was an "attack on the freedom of expression". "Participation in the public debate has become a dangerous activity. If you give your opinion, you risk being prosecuted," he said. Not only he, but all Dutch citizens opposed to the "Islamisation" of their country would be on trial, Mr Wilders warned. "Who will stand up for our culture if I am silenced?" he added. 'Incitement' The three judges said that they had weighed Mr Wilders's "one-sided generalisations" against his right to free speech, and ruled that he had gone beyond the normal leeway granted to politicians. "The Amsterdam appeals court has ordered the prosecution of member of parliament Geert Wilders for inciting hatred and discrimination, based on comments by him in various media on Muslims and their beliefs," the court said in a statement. "The court also considers appropriate criminal prosecution for insulting Muslim worshippers because of comparisons between Islam and Nazism made by Wilders," it added. The court's ruling reverses a decision last year by the public prosecutor's office, which said Mr Wilders's comments had been made outside parliament as a contribution to the debate on Islam in Dutch society and that no criminal offence had been committed. Prosecutors said on Wednesday that they could not appeal against the judgement and would open an investigation immediately. Gerard Spong, a prominent lawyer who pushed for Mr Wilders's prosecution, welcomed the court's decision. "This is a happy day for all followers of Islam who do not want to be tossed on the garbage dump of Nazism," he told reporters. 'Fascist book' In March 2008, Mr Wilders posted a film about the Koran on the internet, prompting angry protests across the Muslim World. Pictures appearing to show Muslim demonstrators holding up placards saying "God bless Hitler" and "Freedom go to hell" also feature.The opening scenes of Fitna - a Koranic term sometimes translated as "strife" - show a copy of the holy book followed by footage of the bomb attacks on the US on 11 September 2001, London in July 2005 and Madrid in March 2004. The film ends with the statement: "Stop Islamisation. Defend our freedom."

Problem pregnancy 'autism risk'

There has been an increase in the number of autism diagnoses

 during pregnancy and giving birth later in life may increase the risk of having a child with autism, a review of dozens of studies suggests.

Researchers found the bulk of studies into maternal age and autism suggest the risk increases with age, and that fathers' age may play a role too.
The mothers of autistic children were also more likely to have suffered diabetes or bleeding during pregnancy.
The US review of 40 studies appears in the British Journal of Psychiatry.
The recorded number of children with autism has risen exponentially in the past 30 years but experts say this is largely due to improved detection and diagnosis, as well as a broadening of the criteria.
The cause of the condition is unclear, and the review team from the Harvard School of Public Health said there was "insufficient evidence" to point to any one prenatal factor as being significant.
Sperm mutations
They did however note that nine out of 13 studies suggested an increased risk for older mothers, a demographic group which has grown in the last three decades.
This ranged from a risk 27% higher for those aged between 30-34 compared to those aged 25-29, and over 100% higher for those over 40 compared to those under 30.
For fathers, every five years increased the chances of a child with autism by nearly 4%.

It is like trying to complete a huge jigsaw puzzle - we still just don't know how all the pieces fit together Richard Mills Research Autism

The biological reasons for why this may be are unclear, but the researchers speculated that potential chromosomal abnormalities in the eggs of older women and mutations in the sperm of older men may be a factor.
Gestational diabetes - which affects four in 100 pregnancies - was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of autism, while bleeding in pregnancy was alleged to carry an 81% increased risk.
However, the team noted that there was little information given about when in pregnancy bleeding occurred. Common and often inconsequential in early pregnancy, later on it can signify serious problems.
Such bleeding may deprive the baby of oxygen - a condition known as fetal hypoxia - and this is turn impacts upon the developing brain, potentially raising the risk of autism.
The team also found associations with medication use, with a particularly strong link with drugs for psychiatric problems.
However, they acknowledged it was impossible to tell whether this was a result of the medication itself or the genetic traits which may be shared between autism and conditions requiring such treatment.
Working together
Researchers said the key challenge was to work out how genetics and the environment interacted with each other to produce autism.
"The rising prevalence, coupled with the severe emotional and financial impact on the families, underscores the need for large, prospective, population-based studies with the goal of elucidating the modifiable risk factors, particularly those during the prenatal period," wrote lead author Hannah Gardner.
"Future investigations of prenatal exposures should also collect DNA to study potential gene-environment interactions."
Richard Mills of Research Autism said such reviews of existing studies were "very useful indeed".
"Age is a very interesting line of inquiry, but it is very hard to tease out one clear factor. It is like trying to complete a huge jigsaw puzzle - we still just don't know how all the pieces fit together."

natural

Higher Longford Park Wild Life Report

Situated in agricultural land on the western edge of Dartmoor, Higher Longford is an ideal place to start exploring Dartmoor's wildlife. Managed with wildlife in mind, projects such as tree planting and wild flower meadow creation are ongoing. Many areas are left to grow wild and support abundant wild flowers, butterflies and birds in the summer months.

Large hedgebanks with a variety of native trees such as alder, ash, filed maple, hazel, hawthorn and holly surround the site. The hedgebanks are good places to look for woodland plants such as bluebells, primrose, honeysuckle and wild strawberry, whilst the meadow areas are good for foxglove, ox-eye daisy, yarrow and black knapweed. Plants attract insects which in turn draw in the many farmland bird species found here (use Dartmoor pocket guide - Farmland Birds and Farmland Plants - to help with identification).

A computer company in Denmark

Why a firm wants staff with autism

Lego is used to test skills

A computer company in Denmark which has made huge strides in employing workers with autism is expecting to begin work in the UK soon.
Specialisterne was started by a Danish man whose own son has autism.
Thorkil Sonne now employs more than 40 people with autism.
He is finalising plans to set up a branch in Glasgow in the coming months.
He hopes to hire 50 workers in the first three years of operating in Scotland.
Autism affects about 1% of the population across Europe.
According to the National Autistic Society (NAS), people with the condition say a job is the one thing that would really improve their lives.
And yet a survey by Autism Europe shows 62% of adults with autism do not have any work at all.
Difficulties
I visited Specialisterne and met Soeren Ljunghan, 42.
He has a form of autism called Asperger's Syndrome.
It gives him focus and persistence - traits which have helped him become a champion weight-lifter.
But autistic people find social interaction and unpredictability difficult. Soeren endured a spell of unemployment.
He said: "It was a living hell.
"I kept going to job interviews but coming second and wondering why I wasn't chosen.
"It was very stressful. I began to question whether I would work again."

People come to me who've had difficulties in the labour market and got depressed. They're like computers that need re-booting Thorkil Sonne

At Specialisterne, Soeren works 25 hours a week testing software.
He said: "I like the work because I know what to expect from each day."
The company's founder, Thorkil Sonne, recognises his staff with autism need a quiet environment and fixed routines.
Given the right conditions, they excel at technical tasks.
Robots and Lego models are used to test their skills.
Thorkil Sonne said: "People come to me who've had difficulties in the labour market and got depressed.
"They're like computers that need re-booting.
"I see them grow in self-esteem.
"It's the most motivating part of my work and a magical moment for me, as the father of a boy with autism."
Thorkil's son Lars was diagnosed at the age of three. He is now 12.
Fulfilling lives
Thorkil told me: "I read up about the condition - but there were too many books describing what people can't do.
"And yet my staff are able to go and work at the premises of our customers.
"I'm so proud. I didn't think that would be possible when I started the company five years ago."
The experience in Denmark shows autistic workers are an untapped resource.
Politicians in the UK are developing plans to help adults with autism lead more fulfilling lives.
Special strategies have been published in Wales and Northern Ireland.
A bill that will provide the first specific legislation on autism for England is making its way through Parliament at the moment, with good cross-party support.
It will lead to formal guidance for local authorities and the NHS about how to help adults with autism.
Charities say this cannot come soon enough

Autistic jobseekers 'written off'

The NAS says Jobcentre Plus staff lack understanding of autism

by poor employment and benefits support, a charity says. 

The National Autistic Society (NAS) is calling for a national strategy to help people with autism into work.
NAS chief executive Mark Lever said people with autism experienced "anxiety, confusion, delays and discrimination" when using services.
The Department for Work and Pensions said it was "determined to provide the best support possible" to them.

It is absolutely vital (people with autism) are able to access the right help and services Mark Lever, National Autistic Society

Launching its "Don't Write Me Off" campaign, the NAS says a majority of the over 300,000 working age adults with autism in the UK want to work but only 15% are in full-time paid employment.
The charity says a key problem is a lack of understanding of autism among Jobcentre Plus staff, who determine eligibility for benefits and provide employment support.
It is calling for the government to introduce autism coordinators who would work with frontline staff, local employers and employment support services.
Mr Lever said: "It is absolutely vital [people with autism] are able to access the right help and services if seeking employment and are supported financially when they cannot work."
'Multitude of problems'
The charity says many people with autism are experiencing difficulties when applying for the new Employment and Support Allowance (ESA).
The ESA replaced incapacity benefit in October 2008. The change was designed to encourage more people into work if they are able.
But the NAS says many people with autism are experiencing a "multitude of problems".
Paula Wharmby said she found the process of applying for the ESA inflexible and intimidating.
"It was clear nobody knew anything about autism and a report from my psychiatrist on my difficulties was completely ignored.
"I was denied the benefit and had to go to a tribunal to have the decision overturned.
"The system just isn't working for people like me."
In a statement, the DWP said it was working with the National Autistic Society and other groups to ensure help was available, and that the government would publish its Autism Strategy in due course.
The statement added: "We understand that people with autism have complex needs so we have arrangements in place to help, such as bringing along someone to represent them in adviser interviews if needed.
"We are determined to provide the best support possible to help them get into work, which is why our wide range of personalised support looks at what people can do, rather than what they can't."