Tuesday 30 December 2014

A health worker who was diagnosed with Ebola

Ebola healthcare worker transferred to London unit

The BBC's Nick Quraishi says the patient was whisked past reporters in an RAF ambulance
A health worker who was diagnosed with Ebola after returning to Scotland from Sierra Leone has arrived at a specialist treatment centre in London.
The woman, who travelled to Glasgow via Casablanca and London Heathrow, was taken to the Royal Free Hospital.
She is understood to have been flown to RAF Northolt in a military plane after leaving Glasgow in a convoy.
Passengers on flights she took to the UK are being traced, but officials say the risk to the public is very low.
The woman left Gartnavel Hospital in Glasgow just after 03:00 GMT on Tuesday.
Six police cars accompanied two ambulances as she was taken to Glasgow Airport. She has been taken to an isolation unit at the north London hospital from the RAF base in west London.
The patient being transferred from hospital in GlasgowThe female patient left hospital in Glasgow in the early hours of Tuesday
The ambulance arriving at the Royal Free HospitalThe woman arrived at the Royal Free Hospital in north London just before 08:00 GMT
UK Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt said NHS safety measures in place were working well.
Mr Hunt, who chaired an emergency Cobra meeting on Monday evening, said the government was doing "absolutely everything it needs to" to keep the public safe.
"We are also reviewing our procedures and protocols for all the other NHS workers who are working at the moment in Sierra Leone," he added.
The patient, who had been working with Save the Children in Sierra Leone, arrived in Glasgow on a British Airways flight on Sunday but was placed in an isolation unit at Gartnavel Hospital on Monday morning after becoming feverish.
Under UK and Scottish protocol, she was moved to the high-level isolation unit at the Royal Free Hospital.
UK nurse William Pooley - who contracted Ebola in Sierra Leone earlier this year - was successfully treated at the same facility.
Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon, who chaired a meeting of the Scottish Government Resilience Committee on Monday, said the risk to the public was "extremely low to the point of negligible".
She added the patient was thought to have had direct contact with only one other person between arriving in Glasgow and attending hospital on Monday.
A second health worker who returned from West Africa recently is being tested in Aberdeen for Ebola, it has emerged.
But Ms Sturgeon said there was only a "low probability" the woman also had the disease as she has not had direct contact with anyone infected with Ebola.
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Analysis: BBC health editor Hugh Pym
Ebola screening at Heathrow
This latest incident will raise questions about the screening process in place for passengers leaving West Africa and arriving at Heathrow.
Public health officials say the woman was taken aside on arrival in the UK and her temperature was taken - the procedure followed for all incoming health staff who say they have been in contact with Ebola patients.
Her temperature was found to be normal and she was not feeling unwell, so she continued her journey to Glasgow.
Someone with Ebola only becomes infectious once they develop symptoms. In this case, that only became apparent after she arrived in Scotland.
The task of contacting the passengers and crew on the flights she took is now under way. That will be complicated, but officials are insisting the risk to those people is extremely low.
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Efforts are being made to trace the 71 other passengers who travelled on the same flight from London to Glasgow.
A British Airways spokesman said: "The safety and security of our customers and crew is always our top priority and the risk to people on board that individual flight is extremely low."
A telephone helpline has been set up for anyone who was on the BA 1478 flight which left Heathrow Airport on Sunday evening. The number is 08000 858531.

Glasgow Ebola case

Patient flight details - 28 December

  • Flight AT596 from Freetown, Sierra Leone, to Casablanca, arriving 06:10 GMT
  • Flight AT800 from Casablanca to London Heathrow, arriving 15:50 GMT
  • Flight BA1478 from London Heathrow to Glasgow, arriving 22:20 GMT
Reuters
Tom Solomon, director of Liverpool's Institute of Infection and Global Health, said of the reaction to the woman's diagnosis: "We've had training exercises up and down the country and that's why you've seen that the response has been very calm and very controlled.
"It's very important that despite this case we have healthcare workers continue to go out to west Africa to help bring this disease under control."
Paul Cosford, medical director for Public Health England described the woman as a "very brave person", telling BBC Breakfast she had "put herself in the front line of care for people with Ebola".
He also said that about 150 people in the UK had been tested for Ebola recently - with all except Mr Pooley and the female patient being taken from Glasgow returning a negative result.
Glasgow ebola patient mapThe patient had travelled from Freetown in Sierra Leone via Casablanca
Professor Dame Sally Davies, Chief Medical Officer for England, said: "We have robust, well-developed and well-tested NHS systems for managing unusual infectious diseases when they arise, supported by a wide range of experts.
"The UK system was prepared, and reacted as planned, when this case of Ebola was identified."
Ebola is transmitted by direct contact with the bodily fluids - such as blood, vomit or faeces - of an infected person.
The virus has killed more than 7,800 people, mostly in West Africa, since it broke out a year ago.
The World Health Organization says the number of people infected by the disease in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea has now passed 20,000.
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What are the symptoms?
Ebola virusesThe Ebola virus causes a range of painful and debilitating symptoms
The early symptoms are a sudden fever, muscle pain, fatigue, headache and sore throat.
This is followed by vomiting, diarrhoea, a rash and bleeding - both internal and external - which can be seen in the gums, eyes, nose and in the stools.
Patients tend to die from dehydration and multiple organ failure.

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Saturday 20 December 2014

Victims of a craze for cosmetic surgery


Woman recovering from plastic surgery, from the series Beauty Recovery Room
You can't avoid the adverts. Everywhere you go in Seoul, you are urged to change your shape through plastic surgery. In affluent Gangnam, every wall seems to have a sign pointing to a surgery.
On the train and in the street, you're told you can "bring your face to life". "Facial contouring" is on offer - "breast surgery", "anti-ageing", "eyeplasty", "body contouring". There is "square jaw reduction" (mainly, the adverts imply, for men). Or transforming your face "from saggy and loose to elastic and dimensional", targeted mostly at women.
One acquaintance of mine complains that her chin becomes painful when it rains. And then it emerges that she went into the surgery for a nose job but got persuaded - or persuaded herself - that it was her chin that really needed its contours changing. The result: a more shapely chin that is also a more painful chin. Despite that, she is now intent on breast enlargement.

Start Quote

This is not a human face - it is more revolting than monsters or aliens”
In this country, parents tell me that they give their teenage daughters a present of what's called "double eyelid surgery" which makes eyes more pronounced - "less Asian" is the truth of it. Why, I wonder, when Korean eyes seem so beautiful the way they are?
The retort that blares from the adverts on the train is that "confidence in appearance brings positive energy which can be the foundation of happiness". Happiness - so easily found at the cut of a knife!
Except that, of course, it's not. There is now a backlash, a slew of court cases where patients - or victims as they might be known - are suing doctors who re-arranged their faces, but not in a good way. One victim said when the bandages came off: "This is not a human face. It is more revolting than monsters or aliens."
Kim Bok-soon spent 30 million won (£17,320) for 15 surgeries on her face over the course of a day and only afterwards found out her doctor was not a plastic surgery specialistKim Bok-Soon was persuaded to spend 30m Won (£17,320) for 15 surgeries on her face
Part of the problem is that plastic surgery is so lucrative that unqualified doctors have been drawn in - or rather doctors qualified in other areas of quite different medicine. It's alleged that procedures have been done by what are called "ghost doctors". In one court case, it's claimed that the advertised doctor slipped out of the operating room once the patient was under the anaesthetic and the job was then botched by the replacement surgeon.
On top of that, it's emerged that some before-and-after photos have had a bit of surgery themselves - surgery of the Photoshop variety.
The upshot is that the Korean Association of Plastic Surgeons has called for tighter rules for doctors and for advertisers. They fear that the bad publicity is damaging the reputation of an industry which is largely well-run.
But they're fighting against the tide. Plastic surgery is very profitable, even with prices that undercut the US and Europe. One of the big businesses in Gangnam, here in Seoul, prices "eye-shape correction" at 1.7m Korean Won. That's about £1,000 ($1,500) for a 30-minute, simple procedure. It rises to 12m Won for a "full-incision face lift" - that's about £7,000 ($11,000).
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South Korea plastic surgery
Picture of woman's back
In response to a survey of 1,000 patients, run by the Korea Consumer Agency (KCA):
  • 70% of those questioned said they had a surgical procedure to improve their looks, and 14.5% said they believed it boosted their prospects for employment or promotion
  • The most popular procedure was the "double-eyelid surgery" - 67.8% of respondents said they undergone the procedure
  • 32.3% of those asked responded that the results of their procedures were "unsatisfactory"
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Plastic surgery is like an addiction - if you do the eyes, you want the nose”
Translation is increasingly needed. There's a big market with a similar sense of vanity right on Korea's doorstep: China. According to the reputable Joongang Daily here, two-thirds of the foreigners who came for plastic surgery to South Korea last year were from China, more than 16,000 customers. The press here says that some of the procedures have been so radical - so successful - that passport officials have not believed it's the same person holding the passport.
But maybe Chinese people who aspire to film-star beauty or, for that matter, South Korean parents who think they can improve their daughters through the surgeon's knife should reflect on one horror story going through the courts.
A former beauty queen here had breast enhancement which went horribly wrong. After a series of infections, she ended up with one breast much bigger than the other.
She blames doctors for the medical failure but also for never saying to her: "Look, you don't need this." "Plastic surgery is like an addiction," she said. "If you do the eyes, you want the nose.
"And doctors don't say, 'You're beautiful enough as you are.'"
Ji Yeo's photographs were first published as part of a series called Beauty Recovery Room
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More from the Magazine
Surgeon holding breast implant
In 1962, Timmie Jean Lindsey became the first woman to receive silicone breast implants in a groundbreaking operation in Houston, Texas. Today, breast augmentation is one of the most popular procedures worldwide,write Claire Bowes and Cordelia Hebblethwaite.

Friday 19 December 2014

ETHEL HALL BLOOD TEST CHALLENGED

ETHEL HALL BLOOD TEST CHALLENGED

(Posted on 19/02/14)

Ethel Hall Blood Test Challenged
The Times newspaper has reported our new work on the solitary blood test used to convict Colin Norris.

A calculation, similar in principal to how alcohol content is back-calculated in drink-driving offences, has been done which suggests that if the blood test used to convict Colin Norris is correct, the patient would have to have been given the absurd quantity of 20 litres of insulin.

This new research, conducted by Inside Justice, has been submitted to the CCRC.

Autism link to air pollution raised

Autism link to air pollution raised

Woman with face mask

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A link between autism and air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been suggested by scientists.
The Harvard School of Public Health team said high levels of pollution had been linked to a doubling of autism in their study of 1,767 children.
They said tiny particulate matter, which can pass from the lungs to the bloodstream, may be to blame.
Experts said pregnant women should minimise their exposure, although the link had still to be proven.
Air pollution is definitely damaging. The World Health Organization estimates it causes 3.7 million deaths each year.
The study, published in Environmental Health Perspectives, investigated any possible link with autism.
Pollutants
It analysed 245 children with autism and 1,522 without.
By looking at estimated pollution exposure during pregnancy, based on the mother's home address, the scientists concluded high levels of pollution were more common in children with autism.
The strongest link was with fine particulate matter - invisible specks of mineral dust, carbon and other chemicals - that enter the bloodstream and cause damage throughout the body.
ExhaustNitrogen dioxide is a by-product of diesel engines
Yet, the research is unable to conclusively say that pollution causes autism as there could be other factors that were not accounted for in the study.
Consistent pattern
There is a large inherited component to autism, but lead researcher Dr Marc Weisskopf said there was mounting evidence that air pollution may play a role too.
He said: "The specificity of our findings for the pregnancy period, and third trimester in particular, rules out many other possible explanations for these findings.
"The evidence base for a role for maternal exposure to air pollution increasing the risk of autism spectrum disorders is becoming quite strong.
"This not only gives us important insight as we continue to pursue the origins of autism spectrum disorders, but as a modifiable exposure, opens the door to thinking about possible preventative measures."
Prof Frank Kelly, the director of the environmental research group at King's College London, told the BBC: "I think if it was this study by itself I wouldn't take much notice, but it's now the fifth that has come to the same conclusion.
"It is biologically plausible, the placenta is there to ensure the foetus has optimal supply of nutrients, but if chemicals are entering the mother's body then the foetus will have access to those too.
"Women should be made aware of the potential links so they don't get excessive exposure."

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Stem cell scandal scientist Haruko Obokata resigns

Dr Haruko Obokata Dr Haruko Obokata presented the breakthrough findings in January

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A Japanese stem cell scientist at the heart of a scandal over false claims and fabricated research has resigned.
Dr Haruko Obokata published supposedly groundbreaking research showing stem cells could be made quickly and cheaply.
There were irregularities in data, no other group in the world could repeat her findings and her own university concluded it could not be done.
In a statement Dr Obokata said: "I even can't find the words for an apology."
Stem cells can become any other type of tissue and hold great potential in medicine.
They are already being investigated to heal the damage caused by a heart attack and to restore sight.
But they are expensive and difficult to produce and one source - embryos - raises serious ethical questions.
'Major discovery' Dr Obokata's scientific paper published in the prestigious journal Nature claimed that stem cells could be produced from normal adult cells by dipping them into acid for a 30-minute shock period.
The announcement of the creation of these "Stap" cells (stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency) sent shockwaves around the world.
They were described as a "major scientific discovery" and a "game changer" by respected scientists in the field.
However, the findings were too good to be true.
The work was investigated by the Riken Institute, the centre that conducted the research, and was retracted by Nature in July, amid concern that some of the results had been fabricated.
Dr Haruko Obokata was later found guilty of misconduct.
Riken has been attempting to reproduce the results, but this week announced it had been unsuccessful.
Shinichi Aizawa from the university said: "We have conducted verification experiments but can't repeat the Stap phenomenon. As a result, we will terminate the verification experiments."
In her resignation announcement, Dr Obokata said: "I worked hard for three months to show significant results, but I'm so exhausted now and extremely puzzled.
"I am keenly aware of my responsibility for troubling a number of people because of my inexperience.
"I even can't find the words for an apology."
Riken has accepted her resignation.
Prof Chris Mason, from University College London, told the BBC: "There were serious problems with the whole thing.
"They've given her a chance, which is right, but she didn't manage to reproduce the results.
"I don't think it has damaged science, there have been some really solid breakthroughs this year and the focus is on truly transformative therapies."

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