MRSA test call for farm animals

MRSA test call for farm animals

Thirty nine per cent of pigs were found to have the bug

All farm animals should be tested for a form of the superbug MRSA, an organic group has urged the government.
The Soil Association says the bug is widespread in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, from where some of the meat eaten in the UK is imported.
In the Netherlands, 39% of pigs tested positive for the bug which can be passed to humans.
And 13% of calves also tested positive for the bug, which is different to the strain found in hospitals.
Poultry meat
The studies found that 50% of farmers were also positive, some of whom have been resistant to antibiotics.
The Soil Association blamed the use of antibiotics in farming for the problem.
No MRSA has been found in British farm animals but poultry meat and pork is imported from infected countries.
The Food Standards Agency says people will not catch the bug from meat if it is prepared hygienically and cooked properly.

mrsa the trail

MRSA risk from dog and cat bites

Pets can carry MRSA

Doctors treating dog and cat bites should be aware of the risks of MRSA infection, US researchers have warned.

In Lancet Infectious Diseases they reviewed existing evidence on infection risks from domestic animal bites.

They said that, as community-acquired MRSA becomes more prevalent, there is an increased chance of it being passed between humans and animals.

UK expert Professor Mark Enright said it was likely to be owners, and not their pets, who carried MRSA.

MRSA might be on a person's skin and, as they get bitten, it goes inside Professor Mark Enright, Imperial College London

Each year, dog and cat bites comprise around 1% of accident and emergency visits in the US and Europe.

Around 60% of bites are from dogs, and 10-20% from cats.

Boys aged five to nine are most at risk of dog bites. Because of their height, children are usually bitten on the face, neck or head.

Cat bites are more common in women and the elderly. They usually cause deeper puncture wounds than dogs, and carry a higher risk of infection and soft-tissue abscesses.

Severe infections occur in about 20% of bite cases, and are caused by bacteria in the animal's mouth, plus other infectious agents from the person's skin. Sepsis can be a complication.

'Easily spread'

MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - is not a common strain of the bacteria in domestic animals, but it is being seen more and more.

Writing in the journal, the team led by Dr Richard Oehler, of the University of South Florida, said "As community-acquired strains of MRSA increase in prevalence, a growing body of clinical evidence has documented MRSA colonisation in domestic animals, often implying direct infection from their human owners.

This man received major injuries from a dog bite

"MRSA colonisation has been documented in companion animals such as horses, dogs, and cats and these animals have been viewed as potential reservoirs of infection.

"MRSA-related skin infections of pets seem to occur in various manifestations and can be easily spread to owners."

Any MRSA infection acquired from pets is treated with medication, in the same way as other MRSA infections.

Dr Oehler and his team added: "Pet owners are often unaware of the potential for transmission of life-threatening pathogens from their canine and feline companions.

"Clinicians must continue to promote loving pet ownership, take an adequate pet history, and be aware that associated diseases are preventable via recognition, education and simple precautions."

Professor Enright, who is based at Imperial College London, said: "MRSA might be on a person's skin and, as they get bitten, it goes inside.

"This is probably a marginal problem. It may be of more significance in the US where community-acquired MRSA is more of an issue."

gay africa

Tradition of same gender marriage in Igboland
By Leo Igwe
Friday, June 19, 2009
One of the contentious issues in the debate over homosexuality and same sex marriage is whether a marriage between persons of the same gender is totally alien to African culture and tradition. Those opposing same sex marriage have continued to argue that same gender union is foreign to Africa. On the contrary, I have tried to draw their attention to the fact that there is a strain of the same gender marriage in African tradition particularly in Igboland.
And that we should not rush to deny this, or pretend it does not exist or just sweep it under the carpet in the quest to establish that same gender marriage is alien to the African continent, and must be banned.
I hail from Mbaise in Imo State in Southern Nigeria. Traditionally, in my community, marriage is taken to be a union between a man and a woman as the case may be. But there are circumstances where a marriage between a woman and a woman is permissible.
In a situation where a woman has no son or no child, if the husband dies, it is culturally allowed for her to marry a wife. And in this case, she becomes the husband. Like in every case of marriage, this woman goes out, inquires and gets a wife of her choice. She pays her dowry and fulfills other traditional rites as it is done when a man is marrying a woman.
After that, the woman brings her “wife” home and they start living together as “husband” and “wife”. Nobody frowns at it. To have children -both the “woman- husband” and “woman- wife”- will agree to allow a man from the same village or neighbouring town to sleep with the wife.
And the children born by the wife bears the family name of the woman- husband, not that of the man responsible for the pregnancy. I want to add here that the man who sleeps with such wife in most cases are married men. And normally it is regarded as immoral, in fact it is a taboo for a married man to sleep with or “father” children from another woman. But in this case an act normally taken to be immoral is allowed.
This is a situation where people are permitted to break taboos and deviate from traditions. This marriage practice pre- dates Christianity and the so- called western culture which most people today blame for all the moral and cultural wrongs in Africa. The same gender marriage is still practised till date. In other words, there are some families today in Igboland where women are both husbands and wives, fathers and mothers.
There are some homes where woman- husbands are living happily with their woman- wives. Though there are not many of such families or marriages. Such unconventional marriages and families are in the minority. The fact is that they exist. The fact is that they are part of the local tradition and culture. They are not imports from the West. And this has in no way undermined social cohesion, public order and morality or family values.
Some people have tried to argue that this is not really a case of gender marriage because a man comes in to impregnate the wife. But, traditionally, it is the case and it is known as such. It is a case where a woman marries a woman.
The man who impregnates the wife does not come into the picture at all. He has no family responsibility. His duty is only to supply sperm. The family is responsible for the woman- husband and wife.Some say that same gender unions destroy family values and undermine the upbringing of children.
It should be emphasised that children in this case are brought up in an environment where both “parents” are females. And they grow up to be normal children. Some say because child bearing is involved, then it is not same gender marriage. But my response is this: whether for procreation or for pleasure, it is same gender marriage. And it is the couples, not the state that decides whether to marry for procreation and or for pleasure or for any other purpose they deem fit.
Unfortunately, most Nigerians think that same gender marriage is antithetical to procreation. It is not. In fact same gender unions as in this case enrich family values. There have been instances where a partner in a same gender relationship wants children, and goes ahead to have them.
Because of the secrecy, privacy and hypocrisy that go with sexual expression, no one can really say, if these female partners have or do not have sex with each other. But like all couples they live together and run their families. But today, things are changing.
Individuals are becoming more open, more assertive and expressive with their sexual and marriage choices, desires, orientations and identities. The sexual and marriage dynamics are changing rapidly. And Africans must make the necessary social, cultural and legal adjustments in response to- and to accommodate- these changes.
Igwe is the executive secretary of the Nigerian Humanist Movement.

Militants in Nigeria

Militants 'blow up Nigeria pipe'

Militants say they are fighting for the rights of local people

Militants in Nigeria's oil-producing region say they have blown up a major pipeline belonging to Italian energy firm Agip.

Agip has not yet commented on the claims. A military spokesman denied that a pipeline had been hit but said there had been a "skirmish".
He also denied the militants' claims to have disarmed seven soldiers.
Violence in the Niger Delta region has severely cut production in Nigeria - one of the world's main oil exporters.
The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (Mend) has rejected the government's offer of an amnesty, although another militant leader, Ateke Tom, has agreed to lay down his weapons.
Mend has warned all foreign oil workers to leave the area.
It says its latest attack took place in Nembe creek in Bayelsa State on a pipeline supplying crude oil to Agip's Brass exports terminal.
"Our fighters encountered a military gunboat and all the soldiers numbering seven were dispossessed of their weapons. The gunboat was also stripped of its weapons before it was disabled by explosives," Mend said in an e-mail sent to news organisations.
If confirmed, this would be the second attack in Bayelsa State this week, after a pipeline belonging to Shell was blown up on Wednesday.
Correspondents say the militants seem to be expanding their field of operations, as most recent attacks have been in neighbouring Delta State.
The military is currently pursuing a major offensive against the militants which has caused thousands to flee their homes.
Mend say they are fighting for the rights of local people to benefit more from their region's oil wealth.
But correspondents say many criminal gangs have taken advantage of the unrest to steal oil and extort money from oil companies.

Khristós)

Christ is the English term for the Greek Χριστός (Khristós) meaning "the anointed",^[1] which as a translation of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Mašíaḥ,), carries much of its original Jewish meaning of "Messiah"—"one [who is] anointed" or appointed by God with a unique and special purpose (mission) on Earth.^[2]
In the 3rd- to 1st-centuries BC, the Tanakh (what Christians in later centuries would call the Old Testament) was translated into a Greek version called the Septuagint, in which Khristós was used as a translation of מָשִׁיחַ "Mašíaḥ." Jewish traditional customs associated an appointment to a special purpose with the customary "anointment" of a person with holy anointing oil.^{[citation needed]}
In the first century C.E., a growing sect of religious converts believed that Jesus is "the Christ" (Messiah), and these became known as "Christians." This usage remains current, such that while "Messiah" may specifically refer to the Jewish concept of "the Messiah" yet to come, or to the concept of such a being in general, the term "Christ" in English is almost exclusively connected with Christianity. 

Columbus

Christopher Columbus (c.1451 – May 20, 1506) was a Genoese navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean—funded by Queen Isabella of Spain—led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. Although not the first to reach the Americas from Europe—he was preceded by the Norse, led by Leif Ericson, who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at L'Anse aux Meadows^[1]— Columbus initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans. With his several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, he personally initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World." (The term "pre-Columbian" is usually used to refer to the peoples and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus and his European successors.)

cancer

Green tea 'can block cancer'

Green tea may block cancer

Green tea's ability to fight cancer is even more potent and varied than scientists suspected, research suggests.

Scientists already know that green tea contains anti-oxidants which may have a protective effect against cancer.

But now they have discovered that chemicals in the tea also shut down a key molecule which can play a significant role in the development of cancer.

It's likely that the compounds in green tea act through many different pathways Professor Thomas Gasiewicz

The molecule, known as the aryl hydrocarbon (AH) receptor, has the ability to activate genes - but not always in a positive way.

Tobacco smoke and dioxins, in particular, disrupt the functioning of the molecule and cause it to trigger potentially harmful gene activity.

The researchers, from Rochester University, found that two chemicals in green tea inhibit AH activity.

Similar compounds

Both chemicals are similar to compounds called flavonoids, which are found in broccoli, cabbage, grapes and red wine, and which are also known to help prevent cancer.

Researcher Professor Thomas Gasiewicz said: "Green tea may work differently than we thought to exert its anti-cancer activity.

"It's likely that the compounds in green tea act through many different pathways."

The Rochester team showed that the chemicals shut down the AH receptor in cancerous mouse cells.

Early results indicate the same is true in human cells.

However, the scientists say that the results in the laboratory do not necessarily translate to everyday life as the crucial factor is how green tea is broken down inside the body.

In addition, there are a lot of differences between various types of green tea.

Dr Julie Sharp, a science information office at Cancer Research UK, said: "This research describes additional properties of green tea that may be beneficial but which have yet to be tested properly.

"The causes of cancer are complex and both diet and our genetic make-up act together to influence our risk of developing the disease.

"Cancer Research UK is currently involved in a large-scale study of diet and health that is researching the eating habits of over half a million people in 10 European countries to try and help unravel this complexity."

Research has also suggested that green tea may help to reduce the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and to lower cholesterol levels.

The research is published in the journal Chemical Research in Toxicology.

green tea

Green tea 'may keep HIV at bay'

Drinking green tea could help in the fight against HIV, research suggests.

Scientists found a component called epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) prevents HIV from binding to immune system cells by getting there first.

Once EGCG has bound to immune system cells there is no room for HIV to take hold in its usual fashion.

However, experts said the joint UK and US work, which appears in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, was at a very preliminary stage.

We suggest that it should be used in combination with conventional medicines to improve quality of life for those infected Professor Mike Williamson University of Sheffield

Researcher Professor Mike Williamson, of the University of Sheffield, said: "Our research shows that drinking green tea could reduce the risk of becoming infected by HIV, and could also slow down the spread of HIV.

"It is not a cure, and nor is it a safe way to avoid infection, however, we suggest that it should be used in combination with conventional medicines to improve quality of life for those infected.

"Future research is also currently under way in order to determine how much effect can be expected from different amounts of tea."

More work needed

Keith Alcorn, senior editor of the Aidsmap web service, said tests on animals would be needed before any conclusions could be safely drawn on the potential protective effect of drinking green tea.

"This study only looks at the ability of a chemical in green tea to block HIV binding to human CD4 immune cells in the test tube.

"Many substances shown to prevent HIV infection in the test tube turn out to have little or no effect in real life, so I think there's a long way to go before anyone should rely on green tea to protect against HIV infection."

Lisa Power, head of policy at the HIV charity, Terrence Higgins Trust said: "Condoms keep HIV at bay. Anything that boosts your immune system is beneficial for people with HIV, but green tea can't be a substitute for proper medication and prevention techniques."

Green tea has been linked to a positive effect on a wide range of conditions, including heart disease, cancer and Alzheimer's.

green tea

Green tea 'slows prostate cancer'

Green tea has already been linked to health benefits

A chemical found in green tea appears to slow the progression of prostate cancer, a study has suggested.

Green tea has been linked to a positive effect on a wide range of conditions, including heart disease, cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

The research, in the US journal Cancer Prevention Research, found a significant fall in certain markers which indicate cancer development.

A UK charity said the tea might help men manage low-risk tumours.

This could mean completely avoiding, in some cases, any of the more usual medical interventions and their associated side effects John Neate, The Prostate Cancer Charity

Although previous studies have shown benefits from drinking green tea - including some positive findings in relation to prostate cancer, there have been mixed results.

In this study, Philadelphia-based researchers tested a compound called Polyphenon E.

They were looking for a number of biomarkers - molecules - including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) which are indicators of developing cancer.

They also looked for prostate specific antigen (PSA) - a protein only found in the prostate. Levels can rise if cancer is present.

'12 cups'

The study included 26 men, aged 41 to 72 years, who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer and who were scheduled for radical prostate surgery.

Patients took four capsules containing Polyphenon E for an average of 34 days, up until the day before surgery - the equivalent of around 12 cups of normally brewed concentrated green tea.

The study found a significant reduction in levels of HGF, VEGF and PSA, with some patients demonstrating reductions of more than 30%.

Dr James Cardelli, from the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, who led the study, said the compound, which was provided by the company Polyphenon Pharma, "may have the potential to lower the incidence and slow the progression of prostate cancer."

There were only a few reported side effects associated with this study, and liver function remained normal.

Dr Cardelli said: "We think that the use of tea polyphenols alone or in combination with other compounds currently used for cancer therapy should be explored as an approach to prevent cancer progression and recurrence."

"There is reasonably good evidence that many cancers are preventable, and our studies using plant-derived substances support the idea that plant compounds found in a healthy diet can play a role in preventing cancer development and progression."

'Keep progression at bay'

John Neate, chief executive of the Prostate Cancer Charity, said: "There have been several studies into green tea and its potential benefits, but there is, as yet, no conclusive evidence.

"The results of this study do suggest that there is merit in further research into the effects of extracts of green tea, both in relation to its impact on the prevention of prostate cancer and in controlling progression in men already diagnosed with the disease, as was investigated in this instance."

"These initial positive findings could indicate that green tea could have a place in 'active surveillance', where a slow-growing, low risk tumour is monitored for changes and men want to take something which could help keep progression at bay.

"Potentially, this could mean completely avoiding, in some cases, any of the more usual medical interventions and their associated side effects."

bubonic plague

Rats spark Bangladesh plague fear

By Mark Dummett BBC News, Dhaka

Bubonic plague is no longer fatal if treated promptly with antibiotics

Scientists have warned of the possibility of an outbreak of bubonic plague in south-east Bangladesh because of the growing population of rats.

The rat population has soared in the past year as they feed off the region's bamboo forests, which are blossoming for the first time in decades.
Neighbouring regions in India and Burma have suffered from the same problem.
Bubonic plague, carried by rats, killed millions of Europeans during the Black Death of the 14th Century.
'Rat-flood'
Swarms of rats have been terrorising the Chittagong Hill Tracts since they crossed over the border from India in 2007.
They have destroyed the crops of about 130,000 tribal people living in this remote and impoverished region in the far south-east of Bangladesh.
A panel of scientists, sponsored by the United Nations Development Programme, now warns that what is known in Bangladesh as the rat-flood could also result in an outbreak of bubonic plague, unless the rapidly growing rat population is brought under control.
Their report states that there is already an increasing incidence of disease and fever.
They also say many have complained of being bitten by rats, though the scientists say they cannot determine whether the two facts are related.
Bubonic plague is no longer a fatal disease if treated promptly with antibiotics.
The scientists say that the Bangladeshi government should step up support for health centres so they will be ready if an outbreak occurs.
The cause of the trouble is the flowering of the region's huge bamboo forests.
Rodents multiply at an alarming rate because they can breed eight times a year after eating the bamboo blossom - four times more often than normal.
According to local folklore, the flowering of the bamboo, the subsequent surge in rat numbers and the famine that follows occur every 50 years.

co-proxamol

Painkiller ban 'has cut suicides'

Co-proxamol is linked to fatal overdoses

The controversial withdrawal of a common painkiller has dramatically cut suicides, say researchers.

A gradual phase-out of co-proxamol led to 350 fewer suicides and accidental deaths in England and Wales, a study in the British Medical Journal reports.
Regulators removed the drug's licence in 2007 after fears about the risk of overdose but the move proved unpopular with some patients and doctors.
Arthritis Care says some patients now struggle to control their pain.
The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency announced the withdrawal in 2005.

There is no robust evidence that co-proxamol offers any advantage over paracetamol or ibuprofen at normal doses MHRA spokesman

GPs were encouraged to move patients to other painkillers before the drug's licence was revoked in 2007.
After that time doctors could prescribe the drug on a "named patient basis" for those who could not manage their pain with alternatives but as it is unlicensed they did so at their own risk.
Study leader Professor Keith Hawton, director of the Centre for Suicide Research at Oxford University, said before the restrictions co-proxamol was responsible for a fifth of all drug-related suicides.
By the 2007 deadline, prescribing of the drug had fallen by 59%, his analysis showed.
Over the two-year period, deaths from co-proxamol fell by 62%.
Specifically there were 295 fewer suicides and 349 fewer deaths from the drug including accidental overdoses.
The research also showed that had been no increase in deaths from other painkillers, despite large increases in their use.
Initiative 'effective'
Professor Hawton said authorities in the US were now considering withdrawing co-proxamol, which is a mixture of paracetamol and an opioid drug.
"This marked reduction in suicides and accidental poisonings involving co-proxamol during this period, with no evidence of an increase in deaths involving other analgesics, suggests the initiative has been effective," he added.
In 2008, there were 380,831 prescription items for co-proxamol, showing some GPs are still prescribing the drug.
A spokesman for the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) said prior to its withdrawal co-proxamol was involved in 300-400 self-poisoning deaths each year, of which around a fifth were accidental.
"Co-proxamol is extremely dangerous in overdose - only a small overdose can be fatal, and death can occur very rapidly - before medical attention can be sought."
He added: "There is no robust evidence that co-proxamol offers any advantage over paracetamol or ibuprofen at normal doses."
But Federico Moscogiuri, head of policy and campaigns at Arthritis Care, said many people who used to be prescribed co-proxamol were now struggling to control their pain.
A survey done last year by the charity found most people could no longer get prescriptions of the drug from their GPs and many said they had not found an effective alternative.
"For them, co-proxamol makes the difference between being able to perform simple everyday activities and living in chronic, debilitating pain.
"This is an intolerable situation for a society committed to high quality care for all.
"If the named patient system is to work, GPs should feel supported in prescribing co-proxamol for patients who really need it."

how many monkeys

Sea gives up Neanderthal fossil

The fragment of skull belonged to a young adult male

Part of a Neanderthal man's skull has been dredged up from the North Sea, in the first confirmed find of its kind.

Scientists in Leiden, in the Netherlands, have unveiled the specimen - a fragment from the front of a skull belonging to a young adult male.
Analysis of chemical "isotopes" in the 60,000-year-old fossil suggest a carnivorous diet, matching results from other Neanderthal specimens.
The North Sea is one of the world's richest areas for mammal fossils.
But the remains of ancient humans are scarce; this is the first known specimen to have been recovered from the sea bed anywhere in the world.
For most of the last half million years, sea levels were substantially lower than they are today.
Significant areas of the North Sea were, at times, dry land. Criss-crossed by river systems, with wide valleys, lakes and floodplains, these were rich habitats for large herds of ice age mammals such as horse, reindeer, woolly rhino and mammoth.

Even with this rather limited fragment of skull, it is possible to securely identify this as Neanderthal Jean-Jacques Hublin, Max Planck Institute

Their fossilised remains are brought ashore in large numbers each year by fishing trawlers and other dredging operations.
According to Professor Chris Stringer, from London's Natural History Museum, some fishermen now concentrate on collecting fossils rather than their traditional catch.
"There were mammoth fossils collected off the Norfolk and Suffolk coasts 150 years ago, so we've known for some time there was material down there that was of this age, or even older," Professor Stringer, a museum research leader, told BBC News. Indeed, some of the fossil material from the North Sea dates to the Cromerian stage, between 866,000 and 478,000 years ago.
It had been "only a matter of time", he said, before a human fossil came to light.
Professor Stringer added: "The key thing for the future is getting this material in a better context.
"It would be great if we could get the technology one day to go down and search (in the sea floor) where we can obtain the dating, associated materials and other information we would get if we were excavating on land."
Private collection
Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) were our close evolutionary cousins; they appear in the fossil record some 400,000 years ago.
These resourceful, physically powerful hunter-gatherers dominated a wide range spanning Britain and Iberia in the west, Israel in the south and Siberia in the east.
Our own species, Homo sapiens, evolved in Africa, and replaced the Neanderthals after entering Europe about 40,000 years ago.
The specimen was found among animal remains and stone artefacts dredged up 15km off the coast of the Netherlands in 2001.

Neanderthals were our close evolutionary cousins

The fragment was spotted by Luc Anthonis, a private fossil collector from Belgium, in the sieving debris of a shell-dredging operation.
Study of the specimen has been led by Professor Jean-Jacques Hublin, from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.
"Even with this rather limited fragment of skull, it is possible to securely identify this as Neanderthal," Professor Hublin told BBC News.
For instance, the thick bony ridge above the eyes - known as a supraorbital torus - is typical of the species, he said.
The fragment's shape best matches the frontal bones of late Pleistocene examples of this human species, particularly the specimens known as La Chapelle-aux-Saints and La Ferrassie 1.
These examples, which were both unearthed in France, date from between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago.
The North Sea fossil also bears a lesion caused by a benign tumour - an epidermoid cyst - of a type very rare in humans today.
The research links up with the Ancient Human Occupation of Britain 2 (AHOB 2) project, which aims to set Britain's prehistory in a European context. Dutch archaeologist Wil Roebroeks, a collaborator on this study, is a member of the AHOB 2 research team.
Extreme ways
Dr Mike Richards, from the Max Planck Institute in Leipzig, analysed different forms, or isotopes, of the elements nitrogen and carbon in the fossilised bone. This shed light on the types of foods eaten by this young male.
The results show he was an extreme carnivore, surviving on a diet consisting largely of meat.
"High in the food chain, they must have been quite rare on the ground compared to other mammals, which explains their rarity to some degree," said Wil Roebroeks from the University of Leiden.
The results of the stable isotope analysis fit with what is known about other examples of this species, though other research suggests that in Gibraltar, on the southern coast of Iberia, some Neanderthals were exploiting marine resources, including dolphins, monk seals and mussels.
Researchers decided against carbon dating the specimen; this requires the preservation of a protein called collagen.

A CT scan shows the find super-imposed on another Neanderthal skull

Professor Hublin explained that while there was some collagen left in the bone, scientists would have needed to destroy approximately half of the fossil in order to obtain enough for dating.
Professor Roebroeks told BBC News: "Dutch scientists - geologists and archaeologists alike - are hoping this find will convince governmental agencies that the Netherlands needs to invest much more in that... archive of Pleistocene sediments off our coast - and off the coast of Britain."
He said this submerged repository contained "high resolution information on past climate change and its environmental consequences, points of reference for how rivers 'worked' before any human interference and now, as this find shows, remains of people who once roamed these landscapes."
Professor Hublin said the individual was living at the extreme edge of the Neanderthals' northern range. While these hunting grounds would at times have provided plentiful sources of meat for a top carnivore, Neanderthals living in these areas would have been at the mercy of fluctuations in the numbers of big game animals.
Periodic dips in populations of mammals such as reindeer could have caused local extinctions of Neanderthal groups which hunted them, Dr Hublin explained.

home made

war

Waste not want not would be a useful maxim for the labour party and all those who have followed the financial
nonsense preached by Gordon Brown and Tony Blair, the huge lies around the green word is so irritating and now
we have the depression , the equality trade is unequal and far from global, practice what you preach you narrow
minded hypocrits,consumerism leads to huge amounts of rubbish and pollution , quality of life for all not
glutony for all, feminists need retail therapy, women have cupboards full of clothes made by all the poor
people of India and China , outsourcing labour , what a grotesque landscape you have painted , the Nhs of
great Britain highlights the waste and immoral times which Blair is responsible for, the man spoke to the pope
before he went to war, and Jack Straw reckons he is a Christian, lying bastads, they and europe are a bunch of
self serving assholes, everything they have touched is now in disaster, you want the answers then follow richimag.

The housing market has been the backbone of the U.k. economy, relying on inflation to cover the fact that nobody
valued agriculture as the mainstay of survival , nobody wanted to include the cost of accomadation in the inflation
figures, all these financial gurus messed up big time and now 28 March 2009 these experts want to tell everybody
they how to fix the mess that they have created, why ?
Fat glutinous bastads in the media love to show us posh nosh on their cookery programs and then they sit in baths
full of baked beans to supposedly help the starving people around the world if they do not understand that that is
obscene then it is about time they were reeducated,this is the world and again the european communists are
telling us we are all the same , well we are not

the archbishop

MPs' expenses: Tony Blair facing questions over the £296,000 mortgage - Telegraph

MPs' expenses: Tony Blair facing questions over the £296,000 mortgage

Tony Blair is facing fresh questions over how he funded his multi-million-pound property empire after details of the former Prime Minister's claims were leaked to The Sunday Telegraph.

View of Tony Blair's home in Connaught Square in Central London Photo: Christopher Pledger
The documents show that Mr Blair remortgaged his constituency home for £296,000, almost 10 times what he paid for it, months before he bought his town house in London for £3.65 million. Mr Blair was able to claim on his parliamentary expenses for the interest repayments on almost a third of the new mortgage on his constituency home.
The amount loaned was sufficient to cover the deposit on his house in Connaught Square, west London, one of five properties owned by the former prime minister, valued at £10 million in total.
Although Mr Blair did not break parliamentary rules, dozens of MPs appear to have used similar strategies to build property portfolios, which has given rise to suggestions that they "played the system".
Mr Blair, who has earned about £16 million since leaving office, through public speaking, directorships and a book deal, bought his constituency home in Trimdon, County Durham, shortly after he was elected as an MP in 1983.
He took out a £30,000 mortgage to buy the house, later remortgaging it for about £90,000 to cover the cost of improvements and renovations.
The parliamentary Green Book, which sets out the rules on what MPs can claim, states that members can increase their mortgages to pay for improvements if they have the prior permission of the fees office.
Mr Blair remortgaged the property for a second time at the end of 2003. He secured a loan of £296,000 from the Cheltenham & Gloucester, on a house that was worth an estimated £250,000 to £300,000 at the time. This suggests that the lender may have taken into account Mr Blair's ability to claim part of the interest on his expenses, when it agreed the mortgage.
The additional £206,000 which Mr Blair borrowed on top of the original purchase price and cost of renovations was enough to cover the £182,500 deposit he put down on Connaught Square, which was also bought with a Cheltenham & Gloucester mortgage.
David Hollingworth, a mortgage expert from London and County, said it was entirely possible that Mr Blair used the money raised on the Durham house to pay the deposit on Connaught Square.
"It would be possible to raise money on one property for the purpose of buying another," he said. "A lot of people remortgage their main home to obtain a buy to let mortgage, and others do it to raise a deposit for their sons or daughters, for example.Having said that, if someone came to me wanting to buy a £3.65 million property with a five per cent deposit which they had raised on another property, I would consider that a pretty tricky case."
The question of how Mr Blair was able to obtain a £3,467,500 mortgage on Connaught Square, which was more than 18 times his salary at the time, has always been surrounded in mystery.
The house took the couple's mortgage commitments to £4 million, which included the Durham property, and two flats in Bristol, one of which has since been sold.
Since leaving office, Mr Blair has bought an £800,000 mews house behind Connaught Square, which has been knocked through to make one property, and a £4 million house in Buckinghamshire, which was the home of the late Sir John Gielgud.
Mr Blair's parliamentary expense forms show that he claimed £387 per month in mortgage interest, just under a third of the total monthly interest payments on the Durham house. One claim form, for 2005-06, is covered with handwritten sums detailing each month's mortgage interest claim to the penny, which vary by around £20 per month as the interest rate changes.
His claim forms for the Additional Costs Allowance for 2004-2007, when he stepped down from parliament, also showed that he claimed £2,218 to pay his cleaner, £2,874.47 for utility bills, £177.13 for food and £15 to pay his window cleaner. He also claimed £1,399.22 for council tax, £458.79 for repairs and £131.50 for his television licence. Among the incidental expense claims are an annual newspaper bill of £1,167.48, regular bills for his Orange mobile phone and £515.75 for the delivery and installation of a Siemens dishwasher.
A spokesman for Mr Blair said yesterday: "Mr Blair only claimed back the interest repayments on the portion of the mortgage which covered the purchase price and improvements to the house. There was no cost to the taxpayer in the rest of the money raised against the property."

MPs' expenses: Tony Blair facing questions over the £296,000 mortgage - Telegraph

mental health understatement

Long wait for mental health help

Mental health problems could cost society £8bn, research has suggested

Some people seeking mental health services in Scotland are kept waiting for more than a year, the public spending watchdog has revealed.

Audit Scotland said there was a lack of information on national waiting times.

But "very long waits" in some areas may reflect a wider trend, its Overview of Mental Health Services report concluded.

It found waits of between 58 and 77 weeks for psychological therapies in two areas covered by NHS Highland.

In Tayside, 40% of older people referred to psychology services were waiting longer than 18 weeks.

There have been programmes to reduce the stigma of mental health problems but more needs to be done Caroline Gardner Audit Scotland 'Mixed picture' in the Highlands

However, the report said the overall situation in Tayside had improved between two visits in 2008 and this year.

Researchers also found "problems" with waiting times for young people in Tayside, Highland and Greater Glasgow and Clyde.

The report said up to 850,000 people experience mental health problems at any one time in Scotland. It said that although mental health problems can affect anyone, those living in deprived areas were at higher risk.

It also said there had been "significant developments" in mental health provision recently, and found strong support among health professionals for current policies.

Cost to society

But it added: "Basic management information on waiting times, staffing levels, vacancies and caseloads is needed for agencies to plan and manage mental health services more effectively.

"In areas where we carried out fieldwork, we found evidence of children and adolescents waiting a long time to access services.

"This is likely to reflect the picture across Scotland."

The NHS spends about £930m a year on mental health services but this is likely to be an underestimate, the report said.

The auditors said previous research indicated that the overall cost to society - including days lost at work - could total £8bn.

Deputy auditor general for Scotland Caroline Gardner said: "There have been programmes to reduce the stigma of mental health problems but more needs to be done.

"There is also a need to ensure that people can access the services they need as quickly as possible and that they can get help out-of-hours or at times of crisis." 

rich child theft ?

rich equality pay the father rich bitch

Madonna faces new rival over fight to adopt Chifundo ‘Mercy’ James in Malawi

Hannah Fletcher

A man who claims to be the biological father of Chifundo “Mercy” James, the Malawian girl that Madonna wants to adopt, has said that he will fight to raise her himself.

James Kambewa, 24, told a US television network that he wanted to raise four-year-old Chifundo, despite never having met her. Madonna will take her case for adoption to the Malawi Supreme Court tomorrow.

Mr Kambewa told CBS News: “I want to take care of her and I’m capable to take care of my baby.” He admitted that he had seen his daughter only “in newspapers and on TV, not face to face”, but said that he wore a necklace with his daughter’s name on it and insisted that she should be raised in Malawi.

“I need her to grow as a Malawian, as well as with our culture,” he said. “I don’t have the money to pay a lawyer, but I am looking for one so that I can issue an injunction stopping Madonna from continuing to seek to adopt my daughter.”

Related Links

• Malawi court refuses Madonna adoption

• COMMENT: Orphans face life of hardship

A Malawian court rejected Madonna’s request to adopt the child last month. The law states that foreigners seeking to adopt in Malawi must have been resident in the country for at least 18 months.

The residency restriction was waived when Madonna adopted four-year-old David Banda, also from Malawi, in 2006. Madonna’s Malawian lawyer said that the singer, 50, would give Chifundo a “good life”, as she had given to Banda.

Madonna’s spokeswoman, Liz Rosenberg, said that they had received no confirmation that Mr Kambewa was the real father of Chifundo. “All I know is that [she] has been in an orphanage since the day she was born,” Ms Rosenberg said.

Mr Kambewa said that he had abandoned the girl after her mother died giving birth to her. He said that the woman’s parents had accused him of killing their daughter.

He now works as a domestic worker in Blantyre, the financial capital and second-largest city of Malawi, earning around $80 (£55) a month.

He is waiting to hear whether Legal Aid, a government body that provides free legal services, will provide him with a lawyer.

madonna

When undercover investigators made their way onto Chinese fur farms recently, they found that many animals are still alive and struggling desperately when workers flip them onto their backs or hang them up by their legs or tails to skin them. When workers on these farms begin to cut the skin and fur from an animal's leg, the free limbs kick and writhe. Workers stomp on the necks and heads of animals who struggle too hard to allow a clean cut. When the fur is finally peeled off over the animals' heads, their naked, bloody bodies are thrown onto a pile of those who have gone before them. Some are still alive, breathing in ragged gasps and blinking slowly. Some of the animals' hearts are still beating five to 10 minutes after they are skinned. One investigator recorded a skinned raccoon dog on the heap of carcasses who had enough strength to lift his bloodied head and stare into the camera.

soldier blue

Veterans at 'higher suicide risk'

Young ex-servicemen are three times more likely to kill themselves than their civilian counterparts, a study has suggested.

Veterans aged under 24 are at greatest risk, with those in lower ranks and with shorter careers most vulnerable.

The Centre for Suicide Prevention linked military discharge data between 1996 and 2005 with details of suicides.

The MoD said veterans were entitled to mental health assessments and schemes had been introduced to improve access.

Of the 233,803 individuals who left the armed forces during the study period, 224 took their own lives, the report found.

The suicide risk was highest among young men leaving the armed forces within the first two years of discharge, it said.

'Already vulnerable'

The MoD-funded study found veterans had a low rate of contact with mental health professionals in the year before death, 14% for those aged under 20 and 20% for those under 24 years.

But the overall suicide risk was no greater for ex-military personnel than for civilians when all age groups were considered, from 16 to 49 years. Men aged 30-49 years had a lower rate of suicide than the general population.

The report's lead author, Professor Nav Kapur, said they could not prove why the increased rate occurred, but said there were three possible reasons.

One could be those joining the military at a young age were already vulnerable to suicide.

Whatever the explanation for our findings, these individuals may benefit from some form of intervention Prof Nav Kapur

"This would explain why those serving for a relatively short period of time before being discharged were most likely to take their own lives," Prof Kapur said.

A second explanation was the difficulty a minority of individuals experience making the transition to civilian life, he said.

The effect of exposure to adverse experiences during military service or active deployment was a third possibility.

Yet many of those most at risk had not completed basic training and had not deployed overseas, he said.

The risk of suicide was also higher in young women aged under 20 years compared with the general population, but the overall numbers were small.

Prof Kapur, professor of psychiatry and population health at Manchester University, said: "Whatever the explanation for our findings, these individuals may benefit from some form of intervention.

"Initial pre-recruitment interview, medical examination and training are important in ensuring military health but it should be recognised that those discharged at any of these stages may be at higher risk of suicide."

Support

The study compared the military discharge data with details of suicides collected by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicides and Homicides.

It used mathematical models to compare the figures to the general population.

A spokesman for the MoD said all service-leavers were entitled to a package to help them re-settle.

Extra help was given to those assessed as vulnerable to help them find accommodation, employment and welfare assistance.

Six community mental health centres have been set up to make it easier for veterans to seek help, he said.

"All veterans are also entitled to a free assessment of their mental health at the Medical Assessment Programme at St Thomas' Hospital in London, he added.

"We are also trialling a mentoring scheme to provide individual support to leavers as they re-adjust to civilian life."

The report comes days after Britain's highest-decorated serving soldier criticised the government for failing to help ex-servicemen and women suffering mental health problems.

Lance Corporal Johnson Beharry called on the government to give more help to his comrades suffering from post traumatic stress disorder, depression and mental breakdowns.