Alert Bulletin from Survival International
Kenya: Serikali yaharibu Msitu wa Wa-Ogiek
'Kutoa makazi kwa watu wengine katikati yetu ina maana kuwa mila ua Wa-Ogiek itakufa na sis tutapotea kabisa.' Joseph Towett, Mwenyekiti wa Halmashauri ya Wa-Ogiek
Jamii hii yenye karibu watu 14,000 wameishi hapo tangu zama za kale katika mlima wa msitu wa Mau unaoelekea bonde la ufa kwa upande wa Kenya. Jamii hii huishi kwa kutegemea ukusanyaji wa matunda mwitu na uwindaji, ingawa wanafahamika pia kwa umaarufu wao wa kukusanya asali kutoka mizinga iliyotundikwa katika matawi makubwa ya miti ya msitu huo. Pamoja na kuwa wala asali maarufu, Wa-Ogiek pia hufanya biashara na majirani zao waishio nje ya msitu. Baadhi ya Wa-Ogiek waishio ndani ya msitu huishi kwa kutegemea ukusanyaji na uwindaji tu, wengine hukamilisha mahitaji yao ya chakula kwa kulima mboga kidogo na ufugaji. Kwa Wa-Ogiek wote, ufugaji nyuki na okusanyaji wa asali ni sehemu muhimu ya aina ya maisha yao. Kama wakusanyaji/wawindaji hawapewi heshima inayostahili na majirani zao ambao ni wafugaji.
Mau ni makazi ya asili ya Wa-Ogiek, ni sehemu iliyotengwa maalum na serikali ya Kenya chini ya sheria ya Misitu. Tangu nyakati za Wakoloni, serikali imejaribu kuwatoa kutoka msituni chini ya kigezo cha 'kulinda mazingira' kutoka shughuli za Wa-Ogiek; lakini mwaka huu mamlaka inayohusika imejaribu kuwatoa nje ya makazi yao ya asili. Lakini siku zote watu hawa wamejaribu kurudi kwao ingawa sasa wamepata vitisho vikali zaidi.
Kwa madai kuwa msitu unahitaji kulindwa kutoka jamii hizi ambazo kwa namna nyingine wametunza mazingira yake vema, serikali ya Kenya imefungua karibu heckta 60,000 kwa matumizi ya sekta binafsi. Watakaofaidika na hatua hii, wengi si Wa-Ogiek, ila ni wafanyabiashara kama vile wa mashamba ya chai, wakata mbao na wakulima kutoka sehemu zingine za Kenya. Kampuni kubwa tatu za mbao kwa mfano, Pan-African paper Mills, Raiply Timber na Timsales Ltd – tayari zinaendesha shughuli zao katika msitu huu.
Kuruhusu wageni ndani ya msitu wa Mau ni sehemu ya kampeni ya kufungua moja ya kati ya sehemu kumi za misitu ya Kenya kwa makazi ya watu wasio na ardhi – msitu wa Mau ukiwa ni mmoja wao. Tatizo kubwa ni kuwa hatua hii ya serikali ikitekelezwa, Wa-Ogiek wataingia katika idadi ya Wakenya wasio na ardhi na wasio na hadhi na watapotea kama watu. Licha ya hivyo, mpango huu pia unatishia usalama wa mazingira ya Kenya kwa sababu msitu huu ni eneo muhimu kwa ukusanyaji wa vianzo vya maji. Tayari ukame umeikumba Kenya na wataalamu wanakubali kuwa kupotea kwa msitu huu kutaongeza tatizo hili na itaathiri eneo kubwa zaidi hadi eneo la jirani yao Tanzania.
Mpango wa kufungua misitu ya taifa ulitangazwa kwa mara ya kwanza januari mwaka huu 2001, na ulifungua mlango wa upinzani mkali kutoka pande zote za dunia. Upinzani ulitokea pia toka bunge la Kenya na makundi ya wanamazingira. Chama cha Maendeleo ya Wa-Ogiek kilipata amri ya mahakama kuu ya Kenya ikiamuru kusimamisha ufunguaji wa hekari 35,000 za upande wa mashariki ya Msitu wa Mau hadi usuluhishi wa kesi waliyopeleka mahakamani kupinga hatua hiyo mnamo mwaka 1997. Mamlaka ya halmashauri yalitoa vitisho kwa jamii hii ili ifute kesi hii lakini wao walisimama imara na hawakufuta, mzee mmoja aliiambia mamlaka hii kuwa 'hakuna kiasi cha vitisho kitakachowafanya waache kudai haki yao ya asili waliyopewa na Mungu na ya kikatiba.' Katika mazingira ya kawaida ya kukataa kujibu madai ya Wa-Ogiek, kesi hii imeahirishwa. Hata hivyo uchoraji ramani wa eneo hilo umeendelea licha ya amri ya mahakama. Mara eneo la mashariki la mlima huu litakapofunguliwa, maeneo mengine ya mlima huu yatafuata.
Mnamo mwezi wa kumi wa mwaka huu, Waziri wa Mazingira alitoa amri ya kuruhusu kufungua maeneo haya ya mlima huu na kuna taarifa kuwa wakata mbao wameshaanza kusafisha maeneo yaliyotolewa. Kwa kuchukua hatua hii, serikali inapingana na maoni ya kimataifa, utaratibu wake wa kisheria, na haki za Wa-Ogiek chini ya sheria za kimataifa na inahatarisha usalama wa Wa-Ogiek kama watu.
Tafadhali andika kwa kifupi na kwa lugha nzuri barua au fax kwa Kiswahili au Kiingereza au kwa lugha yako mwenyewe na ingiza mambo yafuatayo:
Haki ya Wa-Ogiek kumiliki ardhi yao ya asili inatambulika katika sheria za kimataifa na ni lazima itambulike.
Kufunguliwa kwa msitu wa Mau kutakiuka amri ya Mahama Kuu ya Kenya na itaongeza kiwango cha kudharau mahakama.
Kupima na kuweka mipaka katika maeneo yenye mgogoro ndani ya msitu huu ni lazima kusimamishwe.
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ENGLISH :
Kenya: Government destroys the Ogiek's forest
"Settlement of other people in our midst would mean that the Ogiek culture would cease. We will be wiped out." Joseph Towett, Chairman, Ogiek Welfare Council.
The Ogiek people of Kenya are resisting a government that seems determined to destroy their forest home.
The Ogiek, who number about 20,000, have lived since time immemorial in the Mau mountain forest overlooking Kenya's Rift Valley. They live by gathering wild plants and hunting, but most of all they are famous as collectors of honey from beehives in the high branches of the forest trees. As well as eating this honey themselves, they also trade with neighbouring peoples living outside the forest. Some Ogiek in the deep forest live purely by hunting and gathering; others supplement their hunting with small vegetable plots and some livestock. For all Ogiek, bee-keeping and collecting honey remain central to their way of life. As a hunter-gatherer people they are looked down on by their cattle-herding neighbours.
Mau, the Ogiek's ancestral home, is a protected area under Kenya's Forest Act. Ever since colonial times, governments have tried to evict them from the forest, under the fiction of 'protecting the environment' from the Ogiek's activities; even this year the authorities have tried to throw the Ogiek out of their homeland. Up until now, the Ogiek have always made their way back. But now they are facing the worst threat yet.
While still claiming that the forest needs protection from these hunter gatherers who have always managed it sustainably, the Kenyan government has opened up nearly 60,000 hectares of it for private use. Those who will benefit are mostly not the Ogiek, but developers such as tea planters and loggers, along with settlers from elsewhere in the country. Three powerful logging companies – Pan African Paper Mills, Raiply Timber, and Timsales Ltd – are already active in the forest.
Allowing outsiders into the Mau forest is in fact part of a larger vote-winning scheme to open up around one tenth of Kenya's forests for settlement by some of the country's many landless people – the Mau forest makes up a large proportion of the total area being opened up. The tragedy is that if the government's scheme goes ahead, the Ogiek will simply join the numbers of Kenya's dispossessed and die out as a people. The plan also threatens Kenya's environment, as the Mau forest is a vital water catchment area. Drought is already endemic in Kenya, and experts agree that the loss of forest cover will worsen the problem, affecting neighbouring Tanzania also.
The plan to open up the nation's forests was first announced in January 2001, sparking a wave of international protest. There was opposition in the Kenyan parliament, and protests and petitions from environmentalists. The Ogiek Welfare Association obtained an order from the Kenya High Court halting the opening up of 35,000 hectares in East Mau until after the resolution of a case which they had filed in defence of their land as long ago as 1997. Local authorities tried, through threats and intimidation, to make the Ogiek withdraw the case, but they remained firm; one elder told the local head of government, 'No amount of intimidation will deter us from demanding our God-given right within the constitution.' In an obvious attempt to avoid answering the Ogiek's claims, the case has been postponed. Yet surveying of the disputed land has gone on, in clear contempt of court. Once the East Mau has been opened up, the same is likely to happen to other Ogiek areas.
In October 2001, the environment minister gave the order to go ahead with the opening up of these forest areas, and there are reports that loggers have already started systematic clearing of the newly-opened forest tracts. By going ahead, the Kenyan government is defying international opinion, its own legal system and the Ogiek's rights under international law, and is endangering the survival of the Ogiek as a people.
Please write a brief and polite letter or fax (in Kiswahili, English or your own language) including these points:
- The right of the Ogiek people to the ownership of their ancestral land is enshrined in international law and must be recognised.
- The opening up of East Mau Forest would be a blatant violation of High Court orders, and by extension a contempt of court.
- Surveying and logging in all the disputed areas of the Mau forest must be stopped.
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